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    • 专利摘要:
    Use of a new saffron extract for the prevention of mood disorders related to depression. The present invention relates to a powder composition obtained from an extract of saffron stigmas characterized in that it comprises between 0.03% and 1% by dry weight of safranal; and at least 3.48% by dry weight of major crocks that encompasses the different isomers of trans-crocin-4 (main isomer), trans-crocin-3, trans-crocin-2 ', cis-crocin-4, trans crocin-2, trans-crocin-1 and any of its mixtures. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2573542A1
    申请号:ES201630491
    申请日:2016-04-18
    公开日:2016-06-08
    发明作者:Antonio Manuel INAREJOS GARCÍA；Marín PRODANOV PRODANOV；Amanda RAO；Marta GARCÉS RIMÓN；Jean-marie RAYMOND
    申请人:Pharmactive Biotech Products S L；Pharmactive Biotech Products SL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The present invention relates to the preparation, use and composition comprising an extract of saffron stigmas (Crocus sativus L.) obtained on an industrial scale for use as a medicament. Specifically, it refers to an effective composition in the prevention of mood disorders related to depression.
    This invention falls within the field of the pharmaceutical industry, specifically within the field of prevention of mood disorders related to depression.
    Saffron extract of the present invention is titled in safranal and crocins by High Efficiency Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), which are active ingredients related to the inhibition of neurotransmitter reuptake related to mood. This extract is presented as a natural alternative to avoid the use of synthetic antidepressants, which have multiple contraindications and associated disadvantages. The present invention determines the effective dose and the appropriate concentration of safranal and crocins in the final extract analyzed by HPLC, as a critical condition for the efficacy of the product in preventing mood disorders related to depression, demonstrated by a clinical study. in which 128 individuals participated. SECTOR OF THE INVENTION
    The application of the present invention is part of the pharmaceutical industry, specifically in the field of prevention of mood disorders related to depression. STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE
    After hypertension, depressive disorder is the most common medical condition in developed countries (Akhondzadeh et al., 2008). The World Health Organization (WHO) defines it as the most common of mental disorders, which affects a high percentage of the population. The most common symptoms are weight loss, anxiety, hypochondria, insomnia, somatic and sexual disorders, feelings of guilt, suicide, etc. (Hamilton, 1960). Long periods of depression can lead to the appearance of chronic diseases such as heart disease, metabolic diseases such as diabetes or hormonal disorders, among others (Moussavi et al., 2007; Bisschop et al., 2004).
    Since one of the main causes of the onset of depression is the decrease in some mood-related neurotransmitters (Carr et al., 2011; Lopresti and Drummond, 2014), the most commonly used antidepressants are currently selective inhibitors of the reuptake of these neurotransmitters (Serretti et al., 2007). Among the main neurotransmitters responsible for mood include serotonin, norepinephrine (norepinephrine) and dopamine. A well-known example is fluoxetine (Noorbala et al., 2005), which inhibits neurotransmitter reuptake through transporters present in presynaptic neurons, which leads to increased neurotransmitter concentrations in the extracellular space.
    One of the main disadvantages of synthetic drug treatments is the appearance of side effects, which can range from mild, such as dry mouth, headache, nausea, diarrhea, etc., to severe, such as tachycardia, sexual dysfunction , hypertension, hypercholesterolemia ... etc. (Ferguson, 2001; Vanderkooy, 2002). In addition, these treatments can interact with other medications, cannot be abandoned immediately, and, in many cases, can cause addiction (Haddad, 2005).
    It should also be noted that approximately 29 to 46% of patients who undergo treatments based on antidepressant drugs with adequate dose and duration do not show a favorable response to treatment (Fava et al., 1996, 2003).
    Due to the high safety requirements of antidepressant treatments and the associated side effects, in recent years, research has focused on plant extracts with possible psychopharmacological application. Among them are saffron-based products (Crocus sativus L.), the effect of which has been scientifically proven both with in vivo studies in experimental animals, as well as with clinical studies with people presenting with pathologies related to depression (Akhondzadeh, 2004, 2005, 2008; Basti et al., 2007; Noorbala et al., 2005; Moshiri et al., 2006; Ulbricht et al., 2011; Kashani, 2013; Shahmansouri et al., 2014). These investigations have shown that the safranal and the crocins present in the saffron extracts studied are responsible for the increase in the concentration of neurotransmitters in the brain tissue (Karimi et al., 2001; Hosseinzadeh et al., 2004; Noorbala et al., 2005; Ettehadi et al., 2013). Crocins act via inhibition of the uptake of dopamine and norepinephrine, while safranal acts via inhibition of serotonin (Hosseinzadeh et al., 2004), so that treatment with saffron extracts is effective, as long as they are present both the crocinas as the safranal in the appropriate concentrations. The safranal (2,2,6-trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadien-1carboxaldehyde) is the main component responsible for the saffron aroma that represents more than 60% of the total aromatic compounds (Ordundi and Tsimidou, 2004). The crocins are glycosylated esters of the dicarboxylic carotenoid crocetin, and are formed by several glycosidic esters, mainly of trans-and cis-crocines 3 and 4 (Alonso et al., 2001). They differ from other carotenoids of plant origin because of their solubility in water and provide the intense red-orange color characteristic of saffron.
    Mood disorders related to depression are usually associated with high oxidative stress and, consequently, a deficit in exogenous antioxidants (Maes et al., 2011; Maes et al., 2012; Palta et al., 2014 ). During depression, the concentrations of enzymes that act as endogenous antioxidants decrease, mainly superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, while concentrations of malonaldehyde increase, which acts as a marker of oxidative stress (Lopresti et al., 2014) together with some products derived from the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (such as 4-hydroxyalkenes). All this promotes immune, inflammatory and, in some cases, neurodegenerative responses (Leonard and Maes, 2012). In all cases, the presence of exogenous antioxidants helps prevent the onset of oxidative stress (Maes et al., 2011; Maes et al., 2012; Palta et al., 2014), as occurs in the case of natural extracts from of saffron.
    In order to determine the quality of saffron, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) proposed an ISO3632 analysis method (1980, 1993), which allows to quickly and easily categorize the quality of the plant by spectrophotometric measurement.
    This is the method of analysis of the compounds responsible for the quality of saffron through the ISO3632 Standard, which supports the content of these active ingredients in sales products. It is a fast and simple spectrophotometric method, which measures the absorbance at 257 nm (ʎmax of Picrocrocin), at 330 nm (ʎmax of Safranal) and at 440 nm (ʎmax of Crocins) of a saffron extract solution. This method is used to categorize the quality of saffron stigmas, but it has been accepted for the analysis of bioactive compounds of saffron extracts.
    There are several products on the market based on saffron, however, they often comprise a proportion of active compounds safranal and crocins much lower than indicated, since the composition of these products is evaluated only by ISO3632, a spectrophotometric method that it is not sufficiently selective, objective or precise for the determination of these active principles as several studies have already indicated after the publication of said Regulation (Tarantilis et al., 1995; Orfanou and Tsimidou, 1996). Alonso et al. (2001) found that at the wavelengths of 257 and 330 nm, at which picrocrocin and safranal are determined respectively according to ISO3632, interference from other compounds, mainly isomers of crocins, which are majority in saffron and that produce an overestimated value of the content of the safranal.
    The use of the ISO methodology can adjust the content of active ingredients in saffron extracts according to their absorbance, allowing a saffron extract that does not have safranal in its composition to emit a signal at 330 nm equally. This effect is mainly due to some crocin isomers, as discussed above, which results in a masking of the actual quality of the product. Such a formulation is clearly detrimental to the quality of these products, which can contribute significantly to the loss of consumer confidence. To avoid this problem, our research group has introduced a step of prior separation of said active principles for their individual quantification by high-performance liquid phase chromatography, in reverse phase mode (RP-HPLC), and thus determine the objective concentrations of molecules that are therapeutically active.
    This invention presents a procedure for obtaining and therapeutic use of a novel saffron extract, which differs from the rest of existing extracts in the market because it is objectively titled in those active principles that have the preventive effect against disorders of the mood related to depression (safranal and crocinas). This composition guarantees an adequate balance between safranal / crocins in the final extract, which has also proven to be effective in a double-blind clinical study with 128 participants who were administered a dose of 28 mg / day of extract for a month, observing a significant improvement in the overall mood. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention relates to a composition comprising an extract of saffron stigmas for use as an effective medication in the prevention of mood disorders related to depression. The extract is presented as a natural alternative with the aim of improving mood, preventing mood disorders related to depression and avoiding treatment with synthetic antidepressants that have multiple contraindications and side effects.
    This invention describes a procedure for obtaining, standardizing and using a new saffron extract, entitled in the main safranal and crocins bioactive compounds by HPLC, related to the prevention of depressive disorders, which are also primarily responsible for the organoleptic characteristics of Saffron (aroma and color, respectively). The extract object of the present invention is a natural alternative to prevent disorders related to depression, in order to avoid treatment with synthetic antidepressant drugs.
    The present invention has the following advantages:
    - The safranal and crocins analyzed by HPLC of the extract of the present invention are found in a greater proportion than in other commercial saffron extracts characterized by ISO3632.
    - The extract of the present invention has been shown to have a functional effect on the improvement of mood in healthy people, specifically it has been shown to reduce the tension, depression, anger, fatigue, anxiety, stress and confusion of the patients, also increasing the vigor of the same.
    - The extract of the present invention can be used as a food supplement.
    - The extract of the present invention does not exhibit the side effects associated with synthetic commercial pharmaceutical antidepressants and anxiolytics.
    A first aspect of the present invention relates to a powder composition comprising an extract of saffron stigmas characterized by HPLC and comprising:
    a) between 0.03% and 1% dry weight in safranal.b) at least 3.48% dry weight of crocins, among which aremostly trans-crocina-4 (main isomer), trans-crocina-3, trans-crocina-2 ’, ciscrocina-4, trans-crocina-2, trans-crocina-1 and any of their mixtures.
    A second aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the composition, as described above, for the formulation of a medicament.
    A third aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the composition, as described above to prepare a medicament for the prevention of mood disorders. Mood disorders are understood as disorders associated with depression, such as feelings of fatigue, stress and anxiety, among others.
    A fourth aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the composition, as described above, as a food supplement.
    A fifth aspect of the present invention relates to a functional food comprising the composition, as described above. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    In order to obtain the saffron extract of the invention, first, a strict selection of the raw material is made, based mainly on the determination of the active ingredients safranal and crocins by HPLC, microbial loading, etc.
    The industrial extraction of the active ingredients of the selected saffron stigmas is preferably carried out with water or with hydroalcoholic mixtures as long as the proportion of ethanol does not exceed 20% (v / v). Temperature control during the extraction process is critical and must be limited to 70 ° C to prevent deterioration of some crocine isomers that may be affected in higher temperature conditions. Organic solvents such as ethyl acetate, hexane, petroleum ether, acetone, methanol or the like are not allowed to obtain the saffron extract object of the present invention.
    The crude extract is presented in the form of a dense liquid, with an intense red color and characteristic aroma of saffron, which is cooled to room temperature with subsequent elimination of moisture, being able to use different drying techniques for this stage, as long as working at temperature below 70 ºC.
    The last step is an adaptation of the particle size by grindingof the dry extract in a hammer or blade mill, always checking that thegrinding temperature does not affect the bioactive compounds, and a sieve of the grindthrough a maximum mesh sieve of 240 µm. The crude extract is mixed witha pharmaceutically acceptable excipient until the formula of the present is obtainedinvention. Non-limiting examples of excipients are starch, lactose, dextrose,maltodextrin, sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol, glucose, microcrystalline cellulose, di-y phosphatetricalcium, calcium sulfate, kaolin and sodium chloride. Preferably the excipient isObtained from dextrin, maltodextrin or any of its mixtures.
    Therefore, a first aspect of the present invention relates to a composition inpowder of a saffron stigma extract characterized by HPLC and comprising:
    a) Between 0.03% and 1% in dry weight of safranal.b) At least 3.48% dry weight of crocins, among which aremostly trans-crocina-4 (main isomer), trans-crocina-3, trans-crocina-2 ’, ciscrocina-4, trans-crocina-2, trans-crocina-1 and any of their mixtures.
    Preferably the composition, as described above, comprises:a) Between 0.03% and 0.50% dry weight of safranal.b) Between 3.48% and 8.00% dry weight of crocins.
    More preferably, the composition, as described above,understands:a) Between 0.03% and 0.50% dry weight of safranal.b) Between 3.48% and 7.00% dry weight of crocins.
    Even more preferably the composition, as described above,understands:a) Between 0.03% and 0.35% in dry weight of safranal.b) Between 3.48% and 6.00% dry weight of crocins.
    In another embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, within the crocins they mainly comprise trans-crocina-4 (main isomer), trans-crocina-3, transcrocina-2 ', cis-crocina-4, trans-crocina-2, trans-crocina-1 and any of its mixtures.
    In another embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the composition as described above also comprises picrocrocin, whose content in the extract of the present invention analyzed by HPLC according to the method proposed by Caballero-Ortega et al., ( 2007), comprises at least 2.5% expressed in g of pnitroaniline per 100g of dry base extract.
    In another embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the composition as described above also comprises a concentration in total polyphenols analyzed by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (Singleton and Rossi, 1965) of at least 1.0 %, expressed in gallic acid per 100 g of dry base extract.
    In another embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the composition as described above comprises:
    a) Between 0.03% and 0.35% in dry weight of safranal.b) Between 3.48% and 6.00% dry weight of crocins.c) At least 2.5% expressed in g of p-nitroaniline per 100 g of base extractdryd) At least 1.0% gallic acid per 100 g dry extract.
    In another embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the composition as described above, has a particle size of less than 240 μm.
    In another embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the composition as described above also comprises at least one pharmacologically accepted excipient.
    The term "excipient" refers to a substance that aids the absorption of any of the components of the product of the invention, stabilizes said components or aids in the preparation of the pharmaceutical composition. Thus, the excipients may have the function of keeping the components together, such as starches, sugars or celluloses; sweetening, coloring, drug protection function of the external environment, such as to isolate it from air and / or moisture; filling function of a tablet, capsule or any other form of presentation, such as dibasic calcium phosphate; disintegrating function to facilitate the dissolution of the components and their absorption in the intestine, without excluding other types of excipients not mentioned in this paragraph. Therefore, the term "excipient" is defined as that matter which, included in the galenic forms, is added to the active principles or to their associations to enable their preparation and stability, modify their organoleptic properties or determine the physicochemical properties of the Pharmaceutical composition and its bioavailability. The "pharmaceutically acceptable" excipient must not interact with the activity of the active compounds of the pharmaceutical composition. Examples of excipients are binders, fillers, disintegrators, lubricants, coaters, sweeteners, flavorings and dyes. More specific non-limiting examples of acceptable excipients are starches, sugars, xylitol, sorbitol, calcium phosphate, steroid fats, talc, silica or glycerin, among others.
    In a preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the composition is pharmaceutical. This composition comprises pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. The pharmaceutical composition is the formulation of the set of components that form at least the product of the invention (the composition comprising a saffron extract), which has at least one application in improving the physical, physiological and / or psychological state of a product. subject, which implies a general improvement of their state of health, as well as an increase in their quality of life.
    A second aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the composition, as described above, to prepare a medicament. The medicament comprises the composition in a therapeutically effective dose. In the sense used in this description, the term "therapeutically effective dose" refers to that concentration of the components of interest of the pharmaceutical composition, which when administered is capable of producing clear preventive effects, as defined below, of a disease or pathological condition under study.
    A third aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the composition, as described above, to prepare a medicament for the prevention of mood disorders related to depression.
    In an embodiment of the second and third aspects, the composition, as described above, is administered orally.
    In another embodiment of the second and third aspects, the composition, as described above, is administered in a dose greater than 15 mg / day, preferably the daily dose is between 20 and 40 mg / day, more preferably the dose Daily is between 25 and 28 mg / day.
    For therapeutic application, the product of the invention will be in a pharmaceutically acceptable or substantially pure form, that is, it has a pharmaceutically acceptable degree of purity excluding the usual pharmaceutical additives as diluents and carriers, and not including material considered toxic at levels. of normal dosage.
    The degrees of purity of the saffron extract of the present invention are greater than 50%, preferably greater than 70%, and still more preferably greater than 90%. The "galenic form or pharmaceutical form" is the provision to which the active ingredients and excipients are adapted to constitute a medicament. It is defined by the combination of the way in which the pharmaceutical composition is presented by the manufacturer and the way in which it is administered.
    The pharmaceutical composition may comprise a "vehicle" or carrier, which is preferably an inert substance. The function of the vehicle is to facilitate the incorporation of other compounds, allow a better dosage and administration or give consistency and form to the pharmaceutical composition. Therefore, the carrier is a substance that is used to dilute any of the components of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention to a certain concentration; or that even without diluting said components it is capable of allowing a better dosage and administration, or giving consistency and form to the medicine. Therefore, it would be considered a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle. When the form of presentation of the extract is liquid, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is the diluent. In addition, the excipient and the vehicle must be pharmacologically acceptable. The pharmaceutical composition of the invention may comprise other active substances. In addition to the requirement of therapeutic efficacy, where said pharmaceutical composition may require the use of other therapeutic agents, there may be additional fundamental reasons that compel or strongly recommend the use of a combination of a compound of the invention and another therapeutic agent. The term "active principle" is any matter, whatever its origin, human, animal, plant, chemical or other, to which a specific activity is attributed to constitute a medicine.
    In each case, the medication presentation form will be adapted to the chosen route of administration. Therefore, the composition of the present invention may be presented in the form of solutions or any other form of clinically permitted administration and in an effective therapeutic dose. The pharmaceutical composition of the invention can be presented in a solid, semi-solid, liquid or gaseous form. As a tablet, capsule, powder, granule, ointment, solution, suppository, injection, inhalant, gel, syrup, nebulizer, microsphere or aerosol. Preferably in the form of a tablet, capsule, powder, granule, solution or syrup.
    In another embodiment of the second and third aspects, the composition, as described above, is administered as a tablet, capsule, powder, granule or solution.
    The above mentioned compositions may be prepared using conventional methods, such as those described in the Pharmacopoeias of different countries and in other reference texts. The compounds and compositions of the present invention can be administered together with other medicaments in combination therapies.
    A fourth aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the composition, as described above, as a food supplement. Food supplement means products marketed in the form of capsules, tablets, ampoules, herbal teas, drinking solutions, etc., whose purpose is to complete the usual diet and which constitute a concentrated source of nutrients (vitamins, minerals, amino acids, essential fatty acids , fibers ...) or other substances that have a nutritional or physiological effect.
    A fifth aspect of the present invention relates to a functional food comprising the composition, as described above. A functional food is that food that, beyond satisfying nutritional needs, is capable of producing a specific beneficial effect on health associated with prevention
    or reduction of the risk of contracting specific pathologies. This beneficial effect is mainly achieved by adding, modifying or eliminating certain components present in food.
    Throughout the description and the claims the word "comprises" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics, additives, components or steps. For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages and features of the invention will be derived partly from the description and partly from the practice of the invention. The following examples and figures are provided by way of illustration, and are not intended to be limiting of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE CONTENT OF THE FIGURES
    Fig. 1. Overlapping HPLC chromatograms of the main components of saffron extract of the invention. P: Picrocrocin; t-c-4: trans-Crocina-4; s: Safranal.
    Fig. 2. Changes in the mean values of POMS showing five negative subscales (T: tension; D: depression; A: anger; F: fatigue; C: confusion) and one positive (V: vigor). POMS MCS: from English POMS Mean Change Score, average change scores on the POMS scale; Plb: Placebo.
    Fig. 3. Changes in POMS values showing the values of the “Total Mood Disturbance” analysis, TMD MCS: from the English Total Mood Disturbance Mean Change Score, mean change scores of the TMD parameter; Plb: Placebo.
    Fig. 4. Changes in the average PANAS values for the evaluation of Positive Affect and Negative Affect. PANAS MCS: from English PANAS Mean Change Score, average change scores on the PANAS scale; Plb: Placebo; PA: Positive Affect; NA: Negative Affect.
    Fig. 5. Changes in mean DASS values for the evaluation of depression (D), anxiety (Ax) and stress (S). DASS MCS: from English DASS Mean Change Score, average change scores on the DASS scale; Plb: placebo. EXAMPLES
    The invention will now be illustrated by tests carried out by the inventors, which shows the composition and activity of the composition of the invention.
    Example 1 - Determination of the concentration of bioactive compounds in the composition of the invention
    First, the stigmas of saffron were selected based on their quality and macerated in water at a temperature below 70 ° C and with stirring. Subsequently, a more exhaustive concentration was carried out without exceeding 70 ° C, and a dry crude extract was obtained, which was subsequently diluted with dextrin until a minimum concentration in safranal and crocins of 0.03% and 3.48% was achieved. dry base respectively.
    The HPLC analysis of the saffron extract thus obtained was carried out in an HPLC 1260 Infinity Series device (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA, USA). For the chromatographic separation a C18 column (250 mm / 4.6 mm / 5 µm; ACE-5 PFP, Scotland) was used at 25 ° C and a mobile phase flow of 1 mL / min. The mobile phase was composed of a component A) water: acetonitrile (85:15, v / v) and component B) methanol, with a linear gradient of 10 to 100% methanol in 60 min. Both the samples of the extract of the present invention and the reference standards were diluted in a solution of methanol: water (50:50, v / v). The elution of picrocrocin, safranal and crocins was monitored at absorbances of 250, 310 and 440 nm, respectively (Caballero-Ortega et al., 2007). The quantification of these compounds was carried out by external calibration lines of p-nitroaniline (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) to quantify picrocrocin, safranal (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) to quantify the safranal itself, and the trans-crocina-4 isomer (Phytolab, Hamburg, Germany) to quantify the different crocine isomers.
    The superimposed chromatogram, acquired at wavelengths 250, 310 and 440 nm of the saffron extract of the invention, is shown in Fig. 1, under the chromatographic conditions described above. At 250 nm a peak with retention time (tr) of 7.6 min, corresponding to the picrocrocin, is observed, while at 310 nm another peak is seen with tr of 33.9 min, which corresponds to the safranal. In the chromatogram recorded at 440 nm, already in the visible spectrum, the different isomers of crocins appear, with the majority peak corresponding to the trans-crocina-4 isomer (minute 22.3).
    To confirm the identity of each peak, an analysis of the masses of each molecule found in the extract of the present invention was also carried out. For this, an Agilent 1100 series device (Palo Alto, California, USA) was used, coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometry detector (Hewlett-Packard, 1100 MSD series) with an electrospray ionization source (ESI), which worked on both positive mode as negative. The mass range was 50 to 1500 units, drying gas flow 10 L / min, drying gas temperature 340 ° C, nebulizer pressure 40 psig, vaporizer temperature 150 ° C, capillary voltage 2000V, charging voltage 2000V.
    The following Table 1 shows the individual analysis of the main crocine isomers, found in the saffron extract of the present invention at 440 nm, together with the main bioactive compounds found at 250 nm (picrocrocin and kaempferol diglucoside), and 310 nm (safranal). All UV-VIS spectra of the crocine isomers had in common approximate maximums at 250, 310 and 440 nm, and the main quasi-ions and fragments analyzed correspond to those found by Lech et al., (2009) in strands of Saffron, where the ESI + mode was the most effective in determining each of these carotenoids. Picrocrocin shows a maximum at 251
    5 nm, the safranal also shows a single maximum at 313 nm, while kaempferol diglucoside has a characteristic spectrum of this flavonoid with maximums at 265 and 346 nm. The rest of the crocine isomers found in the saffron extract of the present invention showed the same characteristic spectrum of this carotenoid, as shown in Table 1, with maximums around 257, 330 and 440 nm.
    10 For the identification of trans-crocina-4 and safranal, the commercially available reference standards were also used, from which solutions were prepared that were submitted under the same test conditions as those used for the HPLC-titrated extract object of The present invention.
    15 Table 1. Compounds identified in the chromatogram of Figure 1 with ESI-MS detection in positive (ESI +) and negative (ESI-) ion mode.
    TR (minutes) CompoundMaximum UV-Vis (nm)ESI + (m / z)ESI - (m / z)
    511.2; 365.1; 353.2;
    7.6 Picrocrocin251337.1; 329.1; 185.1; 159.9; 151.1; 123.0;1480.8; 667.2; 517.1; 385.0; 181.2; 153.1
    81.3
    11.5 Kaempferol diglucoside266; 347633.2; 347.1609.0; 284.0
    16.7 262; 325; 442; 467
    17.8 223; 270; 429; 438
    18.0 223; 270; 327; 419; 440
    19.3 261; 441; 465
    22.1 trans-crocina-4261; 323; 441; 464999.4; 347.1675.2; 511.2;1336.2; 651.2; 326.8; 283.1
    22.7 261; 440
    23.8 261; 323; 439; 462999.2; 742.8; 717.0; 510.9; 347.0
    24.2 260; 439; 461
    26.0 262; 323; 440; 463
    26.7 trans-crocina-3261; 323; 440; 463837.4
    27.9 261; 438; 462
    29.8 260; 437; 462
    675.2; 593.0; 513.2;
    30.7 trans-crocina-2´261; 328; 440; 464351.1; 130.1; 102.2;
    74.1
    31.2 460
    32.3 243; 305; 420; 441
    32.6 243; 305; 420; 441
    33.9 Safranal313
    36.2 cis-crocina-4225; 262; 325; 433; 456999.4; 821.3; 668.3; 611.0; 391.0; 347.0 651.2
    651.2; 327.1; 311.1;
    37.6 trans-crocina-2 260; 322; 433; 458 675.2; 541.1
    283.1
    224; 262; 225; 432;
    38.7
    224; 259; 318; 433; 768.8; 748.8; 575.2; 41.1 trans-crocina-1
    458 513.2; 473.2; 351.1
    Fragments in “bold” typeface correspond to quasi-molecular ions (999.4; 837.4; 675.2; 633.2; 609.0; 513.2; 511.2; 353.2 m / z) or ionic fragments (151.1; 123.0 m / z) coinciding with the work done by Lech et al., (2009).
    5 Because safranal and crocins are the active ingredients related to mood improvement, they were quantified together as the sum of safranal concentrations and the different isomers of crocins in g / 100 g of dry matter (%), according to the chromatograms obtained from the HPLC analysis previously
    10 described. For its quantification, calibration lines were used representing units of area versus concentration (mg / L), obtained by analyzing commercial safranal reference substances and the trans-crocina-4 isomer at 310 and 440 nm respectively. The concentration of these compounds in the saffron extract of the present invention was calculated by the formula (1), taking into account the humidity of
    15 said extract and the purity of the reference substances used.
    (A310nm - a310nm) / m310nm + (ΣA440nm - a440nm) / m440nm (%) = ------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ x 100 (1) C 20
    where:
    In the saffron extract of the present invention:A310nm is the area of the safranal peak at 310 nm.4A440nm is the sum of the areas of the peaks corresponding to the different isomers ofcrocina at 440 nm.
    5 C is the concentration of the extract (mg / L)In the reference substances:A310nm is the ordinate at the origin of the calibration line of the safranal patterna440nm is the ordinate at the origin of the calibration line of the trans-crocina-4 patternm310nm is the slope of the safranal pattern calibration line
    10 m440nm is the slope of the calibration line of the trans-crocina-4 pattern
    Among the active ingredients quantified in formula (1) above, crocins are the major compounds. The safranal is found in a smaller proportion, but its presence is essential in saffron extract to obtain the desired effect in
    15 prevention of mood disorders related to depression.
    Example 2 - HPLC analysis of commercial saffron extracts titled in safranal according to ISO3632
    20 5 commercial saffron extracts were analyzed by HPLC. All samples indicated that they contain 2% by weight of safranal by the methodology used according to ISO3632. The HPLC analysis was performed in the same manner as that performed in Example 1 for the saffron extracts of the invention (Table 2).
    Table 2. HPLC analysis according to the method described in Example 1 of different commercial samples (A-E) of saffron extracts titrated at 2% in safranal according to ISO3632.
    HPLC Analysis Safranal Crocinas Commercial Samples
    2% safranal (ISO3632) ∑ * (%)
    (%)
    (%) A 0.007 0.619 0.626 B 0.006 0.384 0.390 C 0.000 1.929 1.929
    D 0.007 2,450 2,457E 0.006 0.443 0.450
    * Sum of Safranal and Crocins analyzed by HPLC according to formula (1)
    Table 2 shows that all samples are titrated to 2% dry weight of safranal by ISO3632, but nevertheless the chromatographic analysis shows that the content of safranal is well below that amount, even this active substance is totally absent in one of the analyzed extracts (Sample C). In addition, the concentration in crocines presents great variations, although all samples were titrated at 2% in safranal by means of the ISO3632 Standard.
    These data show the need for other specific quantitative analyzes such as the HPLC methodology described above for the evaluation of active ingredients in saffron extracts.
    Example 3 - Clinical Study
    In another preferred embodiment, a double-blind, parallel and placebo-controlled clinical study was conducted in healthy participants, with the aim of determining the effective dose of the active ingredients present in the extract of the present invention, which have an effect on prevention. of mood disorders related to depression.
    Methodology
    The following example describes the composition of the tablets received by the participants included in the clinical trial. As can be seen in Table 3, the new saffron extract was transported in two doses, one of 28 mg / day and another of 22 mg / day, divided into two daily doses, which together with the placebo group, formed the three groups of treatment studied.
    Table 3. Composition of saffron extract object of the present invention and placebo, present in the tablets used in the clinical trial.
    Formula offered in the clinical study Daily Dose (in tablets)
    2x14 mg 2x11 mgPlacebo 2x0mg
    Extract of the invention 14.011.00.0
    Excipients
    Red iron oxide 0.00.00.1
    Microcrystalline cellulose 187.0190.0176.9
    Calcium hydrogen phosphate 144.0144.0144.0
    Carrot extract 0.00.022.0
    Povidone 5.05.05.0
    Croscarmellose sodium 9.09.09.0
    Colloidal anhydrous silica 3.03.04.0
    Magnesium stearate 3.03.04.0
    Cover
    Hypromellose 9.09.09.0
    Macrogol 8000 3.73.73.7
    Red iron oxide 2.32.32.3
    Carnauba wax q.s.q.s.q.s.
    q.s .: quantum sufficit
    5 This study investigated the efficacy of saffron extract object of the present invention to improve the general mood, reducing feelings of stress, anxiety, fatigue, and increasing vigor and sleep quality in healthy adults. 128 individuals participated in the clinical trial (healthy women and men with ages
    10 between 18 and 77 years, self-diagnosed, with subsequent confirmation by doctors, with low mood, but without depression), to study the effect of the new saffron extract during a month of treatment. The participants were divided into three groups that were given the saffron extract of the present invention in the form of tablets with a dose of 28 mg / day, 22 mg / day, or a
    15 placebo treatment, respectively, as seen in Table 4. Each subject received precise instructions from doctors to take two tablets a day for four weeks (one tablet with food and one with dinner).
    Table 4. Demographic data of the participants at the beginning of the clinical study.
    Treatment groups
    Demographic data Total (n = 121)28 mg / day (n = 41)22 mg / day (n = 42)Placebo (n = 38)
    Average age (SD) Variation interval 39.1 (13.77) 18-7740.4 (12.71) 21-6836.7 (14.59) 18-7740.38 (13.97) 23-68
    Gender (Number,%) Women Men 75 (62.0%) 46 (38.0%)26 (63.4%) 15 (36.6%)26 (61.9%) 16 (38.1%)23 (60.5%) 15 (39.5%)
    Status (Number,%) With partner Without partner 74 (61.2%) 47 (38.8%)25 (61.0%) 16 (39.0%)27 (64.3%) 15 (35.7%)22 (57.9%) 16 (42.1%)
    Work (Number,%) Employed / Unemployed / Retired Student 103 (85.1%) 18 (14.9%)34 (82.9%) 7 (17.1%)37 (88.1%) 5 (11.9%)32 (84.2%) 6 (15.8%)
    Average Weight kg (SD) 76.34 (17.22)75.89 (16.48)77.54 (18.20)75.56 (17.39)
    Average Body Mass Index (SD) 26.42 (6.33)26.74 (5.90)27.01 (7.91)25.38 (4.77)
    Smoker (Number,%) Yes No 17 (14.0%) 104 (86.0%)8 (19.5%) 33 (80.5%)6 (14.3%) 36 (85.7%)3 (7.9%) 35 (92.1%)
    Alcohol (Number,%) Less than 3 per week More than 3 per week 44 (36.4%) 77 (63.6%)14 (36.1%) 27 (65.9%)12 (28.6%) 30 (71.4%)18 (47.4%) 20 (52.6%)
    Exercise every week Yes (Number,%) No (Number,%) 85 (70.2%) 36 (29.8%)29 (70.7%) 12 (29.3%)27 (64.3%) 15 (35.7%)29 (76.3%) 9 (23.7%)
    No significant differences were observed between groups at the beginning of treatment (p>0.01, two tails).SD: Standard Deviation

    The study was reviewed and approved by the Queensland Clinical Research Ethics Committee and collected in the "Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry" (approval number HREC2014002), covered under current legislation, in the NHMRC (National Health and Medical Research Council ; Australia). The participants were evaluated by doctors following the inclusion and exclusion criteria approved by the Ethics Committee of this clinical trial.
    After a first interview with the doctor, those diagnosed with a mood disorder such as MDD (Major Depressive Disorder), bipolar disorder or any other type of disorder that would have tested positive for depression in the Depression Inventory Inventory were excluded Beck (Beck et al., 1988). Those who suffered from insomnia or were employed during the night shift and were unable to have a normal night's sleep, or who suffered from severe premenstrual syndrome with changes in mood and / or pain that could mask results during the study period, as well as people suffering from any neurological disorder or who were taking nutritional dietary supplements, including herbs, that could affect mood, such as St. John's wort, tryptophan, S-adenosyl methionine, 5-hydroxytryptophan, melatonin and γ-aminobutyric acid. People who were taking a saffron supplement or could not exclude saffron were also excluded.
    or foods that contained it in your diet. In addition, those candidates who could present some type of known hypersensitivity to medications or nutritional supplements, foods or if they were receiving medication such as heparin, warfarin, dalteparin, enoxaparin or other similar anticoagulant treatment, who had been diagnosed with hypertension or were being excluded treated with antihypertensive medications, with renal or hepatic insufficiency, or any other type of illness, alcoholism problems or drug use. Those individuals who were participating or who had participated in another clinical trial in the last 30 days were also excluded.
    After analyzing 137 potential participants under the exclusion criteria, 128 healthy adults aged 18-77 were randomized into three groups. Seven participants dropped out of the study, reaching the end of the experimental stage with 121 active participants, (28 mg / day (n = 41), 22 mg / day (n = 42), and placebo (n = 38).
    The effect of saffron extract of the invention on mood was evaluated using the following indicators, widely described in the medical literature and clinical psychology: POMS (Profile of Mood States), PANAS (The Possitive and Negative Affect Schedule) and DASS (Depression Anxiety Stress States). Sleep was controlled by the PSQI (Pittburgh Sleep Quality Index).
    The POMS analysis (Profile of Mood States. McNair et al., 1971), used in the clinical study to assess the initial mood, consists of 65 items, with adjectives describing an emotion (for example, sad, angry, cheerful ), on a five-point scale for each, where 0 = nothing at all; 1 = a little; 2 = moderately; 3 = a lot; and 4 = extremely (except the relaxation and efficiency items, which were counted in reverse). Participants were asked how they felt at that time, and the responses were grouped into six subscales; 5 negatives (tension, depression, anger, fatigue and confusion) and 1 positive (Vigor). For each participant, the "Mood Disorder" (TMD, which includes Tension + Depression + Anger + Fatigue + Confusion -Vigor) that projects an overview of the mood of the individual was calculated. The variation of the scores from baseline to week 4 of the study were calculated for each subscale, in order to reduce the variance within the groups (Davidson et al., 2002; Edwards and Haythornthwaite, 2004). Scoring variations during treatment with respect to TMD ranged from -232 to 200 (a positive result indicated an increase in depression, while one with a negative value indicated a decrease in depression).
    As a secondary method, PANAS was used (Watson and Clark, 1994), an indicator consisting of 20 items; 10 positive words (for example, excited, proud, alert ...) and 10 negative words (for example, hostile, irritable, scary ...), scoring on a 5-point scale just like the POMS. Participants were asked how they felt about the previous week and the responses were grouped into two subscales (Positive Affection, PA, and negative affect, NA). The range of variations of score for the PA and NA were -40 to 40.
    Another method of secondary analysis was the one corresponding to the Depression, Anxiety and Stress or DASS-21 Scales (Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995), which consists of 21 items divided into three subscales corresponding to depression, anxiety and stress (each with 7 self-report items). Participants were asked how they felt during the past week and each item was scored from 0 to 3, where 0 = never; 1 = times; 2 = frequency; and 3 = almost always.
    The PSQI index or Pittsburgh Sleep Quality (Buysse et al., 1989), is designed to measure the quality of sleep through 19 self-classification questions and five questions proposed by people who had frequent and direct contact with the study participant, always That was possible. Statistical analyzes were carried out using the SPSS 23.0 program with significance level α <0.05. The different scoring variations of each of the parameters studied, related to mood and sleep stage, were calculated for each of the participants included in the clinical trial (Davidson et al., 2002; Edwards and Haythornthwaite, 2004) . RESULTS
    POMS The results obtained for each of the emotions analyzed during the treatment period in the three study groups (treatment with saffron extract in doses of 28 mg / day or 22 mg / day, and placebo). Gabriel's post hoc test showed in all POMS subscales a significant improvement of the treatment with saffron extract in the change scores for the group treated with 28 mg / day of the saffron extract of the present invention. In the case of "Tension" a significant improvement was observed at the end of the treatment period, F (2,113) = 3.82; p = 0.025. Gabriel's post hoc test revealed that the group with 28 mg / day of saffron extract was 4 times less tense than the placebo group (improvement from -1.06 to -4.00, Fig. 2). It also happened for the “Depression” subscale with an F (2,113) = 9.46, p <0.001, ω = 0.36 (great effect); the group treated with 28 mg / day of the saffron extract improved significantly, being 6 times less depressed at the end of the treatment compared to the placebo group, as can be seen in Fig. 2 (improvement from -1.33 to -8 , 43).
    The same trend was observed for the “Ira” subscales, with values of F (2,112) = 4.39, p = 0.010, ɷ = 0.26 (intermediate effect); "Fatigue", with F (2,113) = 4.92, p = 0.009, ɷ = 0.25 (intermediate effect) and "Confusion", with F (2,113) = 7.81, p = 0.001, ɷ = 0, 32 (intermediate effect). Treatment with 28 mg / day of saffron extract significantly reduced 5 times, compared to the placebo group, the state of anger (from -1,14 to -5,05), fatigue (from -1,11 to - 5.00) and confusion (from -0.83 to -4.35; Fig. 2).
    For the POMS subscale “vigor” a significant improvement was observed in inverse scale, with a value of F (2,112) = 5.25, p = 0.007, ɷ = 0.26 (intermediate effect). The group treated with 28 mg / day of saffron extract experienced a significant increase in “vigor” at the end of treatment, improving the strength scale 10 times compared to the placebo group (from -0.39 to +4.00 ; Fig. 2).
    The average variation corresponding to the analysis of the “Total Mood Disturbance” (TMD) or Total Mood Disturbances for each of the study groups during the month of treatment with saffron extract of the present is represented in Fig. invention F (2,111) = 9.94, p <0.001, ɷ = 0.37 (great effect). Specifically, the group treated with 28 mg / day of saffron extract decreased its TMD level significantly 6 times compared to the placebo group (from -5.37 to 30.83; Fig. 3).
    BREADS In Fig. 4 the average change values for the PANAS analysis are shown, which although they do not become significant, show a clear trend for “Positive Affect” or “Negative Affect” (Negative) Affect or Negative Mood), indicating an improvement in mood in the groups treated both at doses of 22 mg / day and 28 mg / day with the saffron extract of the present invention, with respect to the placebo group, after month of treatment The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant difference in treatment, between the study groups in the scores referring to “Negative Affect”, F (2,111) = 6.97, p = 0.001, ɷ = 0.31 (effect intermediate). The variation in the value of the “Negative Affect” in the group treated with 28 mg / day of the saffron extract, improved significantly 3 times compared to the placebo group (from -2.40 to -6.63), p = 0.001, d = -0.42 (intermediate effect, according to Cohen conventions).
    DASS The ANOVA treatment was also performed with the DASS test to analyze the variations observed in the subscales: depression, anxiety and stress between the different treatment groups. For the change scores in the specific case of the DASS depression subscale, a significant effect was observed with F (2,118) = 12.96, p <0.001, ɷ = 0.41 (large effect). As can be seen in Fig. 5, the group treated with 28 mg / day with the saffron extract of the present invention improved significantly with respect to the placebo group, reducing symptoms related to a depressive condition by 4 times (values of - 1.42 to -5.61). Likewise, a dose-dependent effect was observed obtaining a significant improvement in the participants treated with 28 mg / day with respect to those treated with 22 mg / day of saffron extract, which halved the symptoms related to depression (values of -2.87 to -5.61).
    For the anxiety subscale, the treatment also showed a significant improvement, F (2,118) = 4.33, p = 0.01, ɷ = 0.23 (intermediate effect). According to Gabriel's post hoc test, there was a significant decrease in anxiety almost 3 times in the group treated with 28 mg / day of saffron extract compared to the placebo group, after one month of treatment (improvement of -1, 23 to -3.22; Fig. 5).
    In the case of the DASS Stress subscale, a significant change was also observed after treatment with saffron extract, F (2,118) = 14.29, p <0.001, ɷ = 0.42 (great effect). The group treated with 28 mg / day of the present extract significantly improved the stress picture with respect to the rest of the study groups. Specifically, the signs of stress were reduced to 2 and 4 times at the end of treatment, compared with the group treated with 22 mg / day (reduction from -3.11 to -6.12) and with the placebo group (reduction of -1.49 to -6.12), respectively.
    As in the effect of the treatment on the “Mood” component, the effect of the saffron extract of the present invention was also remarkable in the component corresponding to the quality of the “Dream”, evaluated by the Pittsburgh Index (PSQI ). After performing the ANOVA statistical analysis on variations in the overall PSQI score, there was a significant improvement in the sleep of the group treated with 28 mg / day in the global PSQI change score, F (2,106) = 4.27, p = 0.016, compared to the placebo group.
    CONCLUSION
    The results obtained in the clinical study extend the scientific literature since it is the first trial of this type that has been performed with healthy people. In addition, it demonstrates that the saffron extract of the invention obtained on an industrial scale, analyzed by HPLC, does not exert any side or unwanted effect on the organism, but significant positive effects are observed in all psychological studies carried out to analyze mood at the end of treatment (POMS-TMD, PANAS, DASS and PSQI).
    Regarding the dose, a clear dose-dependent relationship between the two concentrations studied could be observed, so this study is configured as one of the first to identify a clinically appropriate and empirically justified dosage scheme. The effects of saffron extract object of the present patent report on mood were consistent in both sexes, and have been achieved without adverse effects on performance or safety parameters.
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    权利要求:
    Claims (17)
    [1]
    one. Powdery composition comprised of an extract of saffron stigmas characterized by HPLC by a composition comprising:
    a) Between 0.03% and 1% in dry weight of safranal.b) At least 3.48% dry weight of major crocins that encompasses the differentisomers of trans-crocin-4 (main isomer), trans-crocin-3, trans-crocin-2 ’, cis-crocin-4,trans-crocin-2, trans-crocin-1 and / or any of its mixtures.
    [2]
    2. Composition according to the preceding claim comprising:a) Between 0.03% and 0.50% dry weight of safranal.b) Between 3.48% and 8.00% dry weight of crocins.
    [3]
    3. Composition according to any of the preceding claims comprising:a) Between 0.03% and 0.50% dry weight of safranal.b) Between 3.48% and 7.00% dry weight of crocins.
    [4]
    Four. Composition according to any of the preceding claims comprising:a) Between 0.03% and 0.35% in dry weight of safranal.b) Between 3.48% and 6.00% dry weight of Crocinas.
    [5]
    5. Composition according to any of the preceding claims characterized in thatthe majority crocinas comprise trans-crocin-4, trans-crocin-3, trans-crocin-2 ’, ciscrocin-4, trans-crocin-2 and trans-crocin-1 and / or any of their mixtures.
    [6]
    6. Composition according to any of the preceding claims characterized in thatin addition the composition comprises picrocrocin whose composition in the extract of theThe present invention analyzed by HPLC comprises at least 2.5% expressed in g of pnitroaniline per 100g of dry base extract.
    [7]
    7. Composition according to any of the preceding claims, whereincomprises polyphenols in at least 1.0% expressed in g of gallic acid per 100 g ofDry extract using the Folin Ciocalteu method.
    [8]
    8. Composition according to any of the preceding claims characterized by having a particle size of less than 240 μm.
    [9]
    9. Composition according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
    [10]
    10. Use of the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9 to prepare a medicament.
    [11]
    eleven. Use of the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9 to prepare a medicament for the prevention of mood disorders related to depression.
    [12]
    12. Use of the composition according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the composition is administered orally.
    [13]
    13. Use of the composition according to any of claims 10 to 12, wherein the composition is administered in a dose greater than 15 mg / day.
    [14]
    14. Use of the composition according to any of claims 10 to 13, wherein the composition is administered in a daily dose between 20 and 40 mg / day.
    [15]
    fifteen. Use of the composition according to any of claims 10 to 14, wherein the composition is administered as a tablet, capsule, powder, granule or solution.
    [16]
    16. Use of the composition according to any of claims 1 to 8 as a food supplement.
    [17]
    17.  Functional food comprising the composition according to any of claims 1 to 8.
    FIG. one
    FIG. 2
    FIG. 3
    FIG. 4
    FIG. 5
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    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20190099464A1|2019-04-04|
    WO2017182688A1|2017-10-26|
    ES2573542B1|2017-03-13|
    US10933110B2|2021-03-02|
    AU2017253508A1|2018-10-11|
    EP3446678A1|2019-02-27|
    JP2019515919A|2019-06-13|
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    GR1010023B|2020-03-27|2021-06-01|ΙΟΥΛΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΕΙΡΗΝΗ ΤΣΕΤΗ ΦΑΡΜΑΚΕΥΤΙΚΑ ΕΡΓΑΣΤΗΡΙΑ Α.Β.Ε.Ε., με δ.τ. INTERMED ABEE|Stable orally administrated composition containing probiotics, crocus sativus and magnesium to treat mild anxiety and depression|
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    ES201630491A|ES2573542B1|2016-04-18|2016-04-18|Use of a new saffron extract for the prevention of mood disorders related to depression|ES201630491A| ES2573542B1|2016-04-18|2016-04-18|Use of a new saffron extract for the prevention of mood disorders related to depression|
    PCT/ES2017/070237| WO2017182688A1|2016-04-18|2017-04-17|Saffron extract and its use for the prevention of mood disorders related to depression|
    EP17728583.0A| EP3446678A1|2016-04-18|2017-04-17|Saffron extract and its use for the prevention of mood disorders related to depression|
    US16/087,585| US10933110B2|2016-04-18|2017-04-17|Saffron extract and its use for the prevention of mood disorders related to depression|
    JP2018555638A| JP2019515919A|2016-04-18|2017-04-17|Saffron extract and its use to reduce mood disorders associated with depression|
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